Summary:
Add folly::to() conversions to convert between std::chrono::duration or
std::chrono::time_point types and struct timespec or struct timeval types.

To conform to the behavior of the existing arithmetic-to-arithmetic
conversions, this code performs proper overflow checking and throws a
`ConversionError` on overflow.  This unfortunately does make the code rather
complicated compared to a non-checking implementation.

Conversions between some unusual duration types is not implemented yet, and
will fail at compile time if someone tries to use it.  This happens for
durations where neither the numerator nor the denominator of the ratio is 1.
For instance, 7/13ths of a second.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6356700

fbshipit-source-id: 9dce8ab8f32d8c18089f32c7176a8abf3c3f11f7

Summary:
In the past, these calls were required.

Used to solve static destruction ordering issue.  Any static object that uses RequestContext must call this function in its constructor.

That is when we were using `static folly::ThreadLocal<std::shared_ptr<RequestContext>>`, which was non-leaky.

The problem being addressed is when we have some code of the form:

```lang=c++
void doWork() {
  static EventBase eb;
}
```

But now we are using `SingletonThreadLocal<std::shared_ptr<RequestContext>>`, which is leaky.

So the issue that these calls were there to address seems to have been resolved.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6332597

fbshipit-source-id: c6aba6620ef2fb3a344ea20f56c8b9c0cdf42c70

Summary:
This is required to avoid new GCC 7 -Wimplict-fallthrough warnings.
We also update to use the C++17 [[fallthrough]] attribute if supported.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6367140

fbshipit-source-id: d5380983cb300f944df9c2885d0faa0155994be7

Summary: This unit-test takes too long to finish in ASAN mode from heavily loaded system (more than 10 minutes).

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6362111

fbshipit-source-id: b097eff60f88ace4fb869132598806700804e267

Summary:
Seems to be causing rendering error:

{F114885894}

Created from Diffusion's 'Open in Editor' feature.

Reviewed By: lskuff

Differential Revision: D6358188

fbshipit-source-id: 3c437007b425bcadb79a71807ad92d520a70e8cb

Summary:
With ASAN enabled (actually, only with ASAN *and* its detect_stack_use_after_return=1 option),
the addTaskFinally test would fail.  This adapts to accommodate the larger stack offsets.
Also, use EXPECT_GT and EXPECT_LT rather than EXPECT_TRUE.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6353666

fbshipit-source-id: 39e04caffa7b24cde97c749686c7e651a071dcec

Summary:
We would like to know the time remaining for a scheduled timeout to decide
whether a new event should override the scheduled timeout.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6334067

fbshipit-source-id: f172d5cd7fc804db5fd53a42d06cadfddf857e22

Summary:
Add unit test for immediate timeout since
we're using it in a few places.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6327012

fbshipit-source-id: ea80763d080b06e2a43277118d3147dc8016f348

Summary:
[Folly] Fix wrong source name in tests `Makefile.am`.

Closes #714.

Reviewed By: Orvid

Differential Revision: D6340209

fbshipit-source-id: 88da57fb4d663071eb578efec50c7e162b0c03d1

Summary:
this is to allow small_vector to be a storage option for sorted_vector_map. Reas
on I want to do this is because in ads there are a lot of small maps where we wo
uld have to allocate separately.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6318811

fbshipit-source-id: b145d1bef2cbbeb946995aa66b55aaadeb6c54f5

Summary:
Add EXPECT_THROW_RE() and EXPECT_THROW_ERRNO() macros to folly/test/TestUtils.h
These allow more precise checks than the basic EXPECT_THROW() macro provided as
part of gtest.

These macros are being moved into folly from Facebook's eden repository
(https://github.com/facebookexperimental/eden)
This will allow us to use them in folly tests and in other projects that depend
on folly.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6301760

fbshipit-source-id: 1f434fb5bc9b7859f763171264fb0b2e1b4bda62

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6332075

fbshipit-source-id: 26a279b6ee4253a8be8f9f63e6900c2082a5486d

Summary: [Folly] Extra expectations for ADL `toAppend`.

Reviewed By: Orvid

Differential Revision: D6330547

fbshipit-source-id: d1363280f097f860883ba84d6cfe7caa4e4cf9de

Summary:
The commands as they were previously would attempt to install Folly as 32-bit, which would fail.
Also removes an extra `-` in the link's url.

Closes: https://github.com/facebook/folly/issues/713

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6327981

fbshipit-source-id: ced8c86948b8be5c1dd88e14d6c3a77fc783aac9

Summary:
Moving the cython definition to folly/python.
Adding simple conversion helper to_bytes

This is to cut down on duplicate folly::range cython definitions

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6291125

fbshipit-source-id: 314b732a1516a03fb5c9a57939552bbabd81970b

Summary:
Similar to https://github.com/facebook/folly/commit/29ffcc50981fd50dd2ab1a69f8a262c4b7c27ad4,
(D6254219), this was manifesting as random ICEs that repro consistently in a given file on a given machine,
but in different files for different machines and sometimes not at all.

Reviewed By: Orvid, yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6303186

fbshipit-source-id: d91ad633352fc5c28640e71fd1539f6a4ba8f70f

Summary: [Folly] Fix some declared tests not being included in `Makefile` `TESTS` list.

Reviewed By: pixelb

Differential Revision: D6307755

fbshipit-source-id: 8853d8fce25768ff17f9b1e53b1fbba0aa213691

Summary: [Folly] Backport C++17 container access functions: `size`, `empty`, `data`.

Reviewed By: Orvid

Differential Revision: D6301986

fbshipit-source-id: 65c31df68b7743d5ed4a2cf2419586b862683c48

Summary: (Note: this ignores all push blocking failures!)

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6299313

fbshipit-source-id: 95be2339f4845502e3c446698e54643eeac8055f

Summary:
Tweak the wording of a couple error messages to make them clearer.
Also disable the 'digraphs not supported' warning, as none of our supported compilers actually interpret digraphs in any of our supported build configurations.

Closes: https://github.com/facebook/folly/issues/706

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6299715

fbshipit-source-id: 7c847ac859e082aea711f6751f626b4b43886da4

Summary:
When __NR_membarrier is defined (on newer kernels),
we don't define the constants, but also by default
don't include the membarrier header to define the necessary constants.
Therefore split the definition of the syscall value and
the constants used with it, to ensure both are defined.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6292178

fbshipit-source-id: 31ba9d4a698a4f5e14ae34de0acf8f851d75527d

Summary:
With gcc 7.2 we get the warning:
  folly/io/async/DelayedDestructionBase.h:252:20:
  error: parameter ‘right’ set but not used [-Werror=unused-but-set-parameter]
     std::nullptr_t right) {
                    ^~~~~
I presume this is due to the implicit conversion, hence the named parameter is
never assigned.  Instead we use an explicit nullptr.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6279302

fbshipit-source-id: ed449601b0410c178777f20e82ed09d9097bd024

Summary:
The current folly::once_flag is not compatible with folly fibers
and when using it with fibers is inefficient and also cause deadlocks.

This diff makes the once flag's mutex be a templatable paramter
and overrides it in fibers library with a fiber compatible mtuex.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6288508

fbshipit-source-id: 6f82e1794d1f417f8d267061f1702a26a7b4ff12

Summary:
[Folly] Add `makeSemiFuture` declarations to `helpers.h`.

For consistency with the `makeFuture` declarations that are also there. Definitions for both are found in `Future-inl.h`.

Reviewed By: LeeHowes

Differential Revision: D6281826

fbshipit-source-id: 4b22dd9086d05dbdebba358c6f569a772017949a

Summary:
Some older versions of GCC/glibc/etc do not have the
std::is_trivially*_constructible or std::is_trivially*_assignable traits.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6285887

fbshipit-source-id: 1eb4ae4f899dc1f528321f9f087390291687aca3

Summary: Remove the zerocopy write threshold support since it is a little bit confusing

Reviewed By: djwatson

Differential Revision: D6256854

fbshipit-source-id: 1c992f93d7b04c4ede2fbefebde7a7ae89de3764

Summary:
Currently `folly::symbolizer`'s `getDefinitionByAddress` and `getSymbolByName` only parses `STT_OBJECT` and `STT_FUNC`. There are some standar library functions that uses the GNU indirect function feature that would have been missed:

  ==== For libpthread-2.23.so:
  ====== Symbol system Addr 119d0 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol siglongjmp Addr 10700 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol longjmp Addr 10700 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol __vfork Addr 10af0 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol vfork Addr 10af0 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol system_ifunc Addr 119d0 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol longjmp_ifunc Addr 10700 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol vfork_ifunc Addr 10af0 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol siglongjmp_ifunc Addr 10700 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol __vfork_ifunc Addr 10af0 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol __vfork@GLIBC_2.2.5 Addr 10af0 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol siglongjmp@GLIBC_2.2.5 Addr 10700 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol vfork@GLIBC_2.2.5 Addr 10af0 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol system@GLIBC_2.2.5 Addr 119d0 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol longjmp@GLIBC_2.2.5 Addr 10700 Size 8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC

  ==== For libc-2.23.so:
  ====== Symbol __gettimeofday Addr c05e0 Size a8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol strcpy Addr 8e150 Size 35 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol wmemcmp Addr afb50 Size 37 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol strncmp Addr 8eb30 Size 41 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol stpncpy Addr 929f0 Size 35 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol __mempcpy_chk Addr 11cec0 Size 68 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol strncpy Addr 903d0 Size 35 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol time Addr c0500 Size a8 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol strpbrk Addr 90700 Size 22 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol strspn Addr 90a80 Size 22 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol __stpncpy Addr 929f0 Size 35 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol __strcasecmp Addr 92a80 Size 54 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol memset Addr 92230 Size 41 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol strstr Addr 916b0 Size 21 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol strcspn Addr 8e270 Size 22 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol memcmp Addr 91c40 Size 37 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  ====== Symbol mempcpy Addr 923b0 Size 68 is a STT_GNU_IFUNC
  And 80 more...
This Diff adds parsing for `STT_GNU_IFUNC` symbols as well

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6282727

fbshipit-source-id: 71b7c44831e4ddfdccf1e794cb86e049e14227bc

Summary:
When using `folly::symbolizer`, it's very often that we want to use `iterateSectionsWithType` iterate through sections of a few types using the same callback. Current approach would require iterating the section header multiple times.

This Diff add `iterateSectionsWithTypes`, which is basically just `iterateSectionsWithType` but accepts multiple section types.

It is very similar to D6279651. However, in this Diff we did not change implementation of `getDefinitionByAddress` and `getSymbolByName`, since going through `.dynsym` separately would improve the efficiency of single-address or single-symbol lookup. However, for the use cases that we want to iterate through all symbols of an ELF file, this new interface would be useful.

Reviewed By: anakryiko, yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6281449

fbshipit-source-id: f9afe0a0e95d9fafcd041014abad8ca86d1a882f

Summary:
[Folly] Fix `folly/test/Makefile.am`.

Closes #709.

Reviewed By: meyering

Differential Revision: D6282009

fbshipit-source-id: 0f2a992e92d4b94a535f29341920c9f2959819d7

Summary:
When using `folly::symbolizer`, it's very often that we want to use `iterateSymbolsWithType` iterate through symbols of a few types using the same callback. Current approach would require iterating the section multiple times.

This Diff adds `iterateSymbolsWithTypes`, which is basically just `iterateSymbolsWithType` but accepts symbol types.

This Diff also updated implementation of `getDefinitionByAddress` and `getSymbolByName` which currently does two iterations for `STT_OBJECT` and `STT_FUNC`.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6279651

fbshipit-source-id: a661dd15f18e4f2f63dbcca615f5a86d92e528ea

Summary:
[Folly] In `SemiFuture` members, fix `DCHECK` of pointer types.

Use `nullptr !=` to avoid ` error: ISO C++ forbids comparison between pointer and integer`.

Closes #708.

Reviewed By: Orvid

Differential Revision: D6277832

fbshipit-source-id: 8f65065d5347c6ac407b99cb780c38935e901362

Summary:
Testing indicates that GCC ignores the cold attribute when the function
is available for inlining. Because Unexpected is a template class we
can't make the constructors non-inline, but we can make it derive from a
class with a cold constructor, which has the effect of making all the
Unexpected constructors implicitly cold.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6261013

fbshipit-source-id: 482e49253d5b104742018133c53fb60279dd9f9b

Summary: Because every other exception is already marked as public.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6275414

fbshipit-source-id: 8e1fc4ceafedbdb44733ab57aecb6050c4160994

Summary:
gflags and glog require some compile definitions when linking statically
/cc Orvid
Closes https://github.com/facebook/folly/pull/693

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6264382

Pulled By: Orvid

fbshipit-source-id: 60c8af429f10e778d9c313f40227892238829f63

Summary:
[Folly] Heterogeneous lookups for `sorted_vector` types.

When the `Compare` type has member type or alias `is_transparent`, enable template overloads of `count`, `find`, `lower_bound`, `upper_bound`, and `equal_range` on both `sorted_vector_set` and `sorted_vector_map`.

This is the protocol found in the equivalent `std::set` and `std::map` member functions.

> This overload only participates in overload resolution if the qualified-id `Compare::is_transparent` is valid and denotes a type. They allow calling this function without constructing an instance of `Key`.
>
> http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/set/count (same wording in all 10 cases)

Reviewed By: nbronson

Differential Revision: D6256989

fbshipit-source-id: a40a181453a019564e8f7674e1e07e241d5ab068

Summary: Use const_cast instead of implicitly dropping const modifier.

Reviewed By: reanimus

Differential Revision: D6269200

fbshipit-source-id: 61e1708c88a4139d3fdd9cf89f4ff778d0354bb2

Summary:
Include folly/Portability.h in GenerateFingerprintTables, so that
gflags namespace gets defined.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6265226

fbshipit-source-id: d509dc163564420151de7007ad4336d7e5ef9625

Summary:
Exposed by the latest clang:
```lang=bash
folly/test/FixedStringTest.cpp:52:36: error: unused variable 's' [-Werror,-Wunused-variable]
  constexpr folly::FixedString<42> s{"hello world"};
                                   ^
folly/gen/test/StringBenchmark.cpp:176:15: error: unused variable 'line' [-Werror,-Wunused-variable]
  StringPiece line(kLine);
              ^
```

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6264853

fbshipit-source-id: 5cf4b0a8c99eaa31c2499746c70ddc49fdd73074

Summary:
It was broken, now it is fixed.
https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/content/problem/145407/incorrect-c3520-within-noexcept-expression-in-alia.html

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D6254219

fbshipit-source-id: a03961db97d7ac211103655229c1ea703405826a

Summary:
AsyncFileWriter uses a separate thread to write messages to the file
descriptor.  This diff makes us call setThreadName() to set the name of this
thread to `log_writer`.

Reviewed By: bolinfest

Differential Revision: D6238229

fbshipit-source-id: 9c93d80e7ac989e03bc3160bb2f135d67e15c8be