📝 add page on parsing and exceptions

doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/index.md

+# Overview
+
+!!! note
+
+    This page is under construction.
+
+## Input
+
+## SAX vs. DOM parsing
+
+## Exceptions
+
+See [parsing and exceptions](parse_exceptions.md).

doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/parse_exceptions.md

+# Parsing and exceptions
+
+When the input is not valid JSON, an exception of type [`parse_error`](../../home/exceptions.md#parse-errors) is thrown. This exception contains the position in the input where the error occurred, together with a diagnostic message and the last read input token. The exceptions page contains a [list of examples for parse error exceptions](../../home/exceptions.md#parse-errors). In case you process untrusted input, always enclose your code with a `#!cpp try`/`#!cpp catch` block, like
+
+```cpp
+json j;
+try
+{
+    j = json::parse(my_input);
+}
+catch (json::exception::parse_error& ex)
+{
+    std::cerr << "parse error at byte " << ex.byte << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+In case exceptions are undesired or not supported by the environment, there are different ways to proceed:
+
+
+## Switch off exceptions
+
+The `parse()` function accepts as last parameter a `#!cpp bool` variable `allow_exceptions` which controls whether an exception is thrown when a parse error occurs (`#!cpp true`, default) or whether a discarded value should be returned (`#!cpp false`).
+
+```cpp
+json j = json::parse(my_input, nullptr, false);
+if (j.is_discarded())
+{
+    std::cerr << "parse error" << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+Note there is no diagnostic information available in this scenario.
+
+## Use accept() function
+
+Alternatively, function `accept()` can be used which does not return a `json` value, but a `#!cpp bool` indicating whether the input is valid JSON.
+
+```cpp
+if (!json::accept(my_input))
+{
+    std::cerr << "parse error" << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+Again, there is no diagnostic information available.
+
+
+## User-defined SAX interface
+
+Finally, you can implement the [SAX interface](sax_interface.md) and decide what should happen in case of a parse error.
+
+This function has the following interface:
+
+```cpp
+bool parse_error(std::size_t position,
+                 const std::string& last_token,
+                 const json::exception& ex);
+```
+
+The return value indicates whether the parsing should continue, so the function should usually return `#!cpp false`.
+
+??? example
+
+    ```cpp
+    #include <iostream>
+    #include "json.hpp"
+    
+    using json = nlohmann::json;
+    
+    class sax_no_exception : public nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_parser<json>
+    {
+      public:
+        sax_no_exception(json& j)
+          : nlohmann::detail::json_sax_dom_parser<json>(j, false)
+        {}
+        
+        bool parse_error(std::size_t position,
+                         const std::string& last_token,
+                         const json::exception& ex)
+        {
+            std::cerr << "parse error at input byte " << position << "\n"
+                      << ex.what() << "\n"
+                      << "last read: \"" << last_token << "\""
+                      << std::endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+    
+    int main()
+    {
+        std::string myinput = "[1,2,3,]";
+    
+        json result;
+        sax_no_exception sax(result);
+        
+        bool parse_result = json::sax_parse(myinput, &sax);
+        if (!parse_result)
+        {
+            std::cerr << "parsing unsuccessful!" << std::endl;
+        }
+        
+        std::cout << "parsed value: " << result << std::endl;
+    }
+    ```
+
+    Output:
+    
+    ```
+    parse error at input byte 8
+    [json.exception.parse_error.101] parse error at line 1, column 8: syntax error while parsing value - unexpected ']'; expected '[', '{', or a literal
+    last read: "3,]"
+    parsing unsuccessful!
+    parsed value: [1,2,3]
+    ```

doc/mkdocs/docs/features/sax_interface.md → doc/mkdocs/docs/features/parsing/sax_interface.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ interface json::sax_t {
     + {abstract} bool end_array()
     + {abstract} bool key(string_t& val)
 
-    + {abstract} bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string& last_token, const detail::exception& ex)
+    + {abstract} bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string& last_token, const json::exception& ex)
 }
 ```
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ bool end_array();
 bool key(string_t& val);
 
 // called when a parse error occurs; byte position, the last token, and an exception is passed
-bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string& last_token, const detail::exception& ex);
+bool parse_error(std::size_t position, const std::string& last_token, const json::exception& ex);
 ```
 
 The return value of each function determines whether parsing should proceed.

doc/mkdocs/mkdocs.yml

@@ -49,8 +49,11 @@ nav:
     - features/json_patch.md
     - features/merge_patch.md
     - features/enum_conversion.md
-    - features/parser_callbacks.md
-    - features/sax_interface.md
+    - Parsing:
+      - features/parsing/index.md
+      - features/parsing/parse_exceptions.md
+      - features/parsing/parser_callbacks.md
+      - features/parsing/sax_interface.md
     - features/types.md
   - Integration:
     - integration/index.md