You can run the testcase with local changes by substituting the gNB and/or UE executables. The local-override.yaml file includes an image build service as well as code compilation service.
This is necessary as the executable has to be linked against the same libraries that are present in the executing image.
This might take a while the first time but other that that is very fast. Here is a list of commands (wait between each command)
docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml -f local-override.yaml up -d mysql oai-amf oai-smf oai-upf oai-ext-dn
docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml -f local-override.yaml up -d oai-gnb
docker-compose -f docker-compose.yaml -f local-override.yaml up -d oai-nr-ue